Production of biodiesel from mixed waste vegetable oils using Ferric hydrogen sulphate as an effective reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst

Authors: Fatah H. Alhassan, Robiah Yunus, Umer Rashid, Kamaliah Sirat, Aminul Islam, H.V. Lee, Yun H. Taufiq-Yap

Abstract:
Biodiesel productionby simultaneous esterificationand transesterificationof waste oil withmethanolhas been studied in a heterogeneous system using solid ferric hydrogen sulphate [Fe (HSO₄)₃] acid catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by displacement reaction followed by calcination at 400^◦C for 3 h. The prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), Brunner-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement (BET), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) and temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ (TPD - NH₃). Furthermore, the dependence of the conversion of mixed waste oil on the reactions variables such as the molar ratio of methanol/oil, the amount of catalysts used, reaction temperatures, reusability were also investigated. The catalyst was reused many times with slight loss in activity and the maximum yield of 94.5% was achieved at the optimized conditions of reaction temperature of 205 ^◦C; stirring speed of 350 rpm, 1:15 molar ratio of oil to alcohol and 1% w/w catalyst loading.

Keywords:
Biodiesel
Ferric hydrogen sulphate
Esterification
Transesterification
Mixed waste vegetable oil
Reusable

Published in: Applied catalysis A: General  (Volume 456, Pages 1-248, 10 April 2013)

Publisher: Elsevier

ISSN Information: 0926-860X

Production of biodiesel from mixed waste vegetable oils using Ferric hydrogen sulphate as an effective reusable heterogeneous solid acid catalyst

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